Today, it is fashionable in Hungary to put all the blame on the Germans for the murder of nearly 600,000 out of over 800,000 Jews from Greater Hungary during the war. But the German force in Hungary was quite small; the Kommando charged with carrying out the deportations, headed by Adolf Eichmann, numbered only about 150 men.
Putin’s “vertical of power” brand has well established the arc that is Putin-Assad-Khamenei, without which Syria’s initial revolution may have taken a turn toward the moderate.
Of course, it may be as useless second-guessing yesterday as trying to outwit tomorrow.
Nonetheless, one tries.
🙂
Along The Bear’s southern flank in eastern Europe, the potential arc “Putin-Orbán-Yanukovych” would seem to be enjoying significantly less success. Suddenly stateless Viktor Yanukovych appears to have leaped into Mother Bear’s arms (or off a roof somewhere — who knows? He’s missing in action); Viktor Orbán appears to have chosen an energy-based stance founded on a nuclear power development agreement with Russia (that may in time transform Hungary into an energy exporting state) while nonetheless hewing to NATO and European interests and values, clearly rebuffing interest Putin may have in recovering or retaining Soviet-era buffer and client states in eastern Europe.
Simply put, Orban has successfully noted the difference between doing business with a Great Power and kissing its ass at the same time.
Not everyone sees Orban as standing strong for European democratic and open society values:
According to LMP politician Katalin Ertsey, who also serves as a deputy chairman of the committee, the Hungarian position in the Ukraine-Russian conflict is “as invisible as Vladimir Putin would like it to be”.
However, Orban’s national security arrangement with NATO and his greater constituency’s pro-European stance better fit a cool-tough trade relationship with Moscow than a warm fuzzy between autocrats with the “vertical of power” at its center.
If the rightness doesn’t make the argument, the wrongness most certainly does: along with the rest of the world, Orban saw what has happened to Yanukovych (and his estates, which have been seized as “frozen assets”).
Putin $14 Billion Nuclear Deal Wins Orban Alliance – Bloomberg – 1/15/2014: “For Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban, who as opposition leader in 2007 railed against turning his country into the “happiest barrack of Gazprom,” the persuasion took the shape of an offer to lend the country as much as $14 billion. Orban trekked to Moscow yesterday to hand Rosatom Corp., Russia’s state nuclear holding company, a deal to expand Hungary’s lone nuclear power plant using that loan.”
Related: The Putin-Orbán nuclear deal: a short assessment | Heinrich Böll Foundation – 1/27/2014: “A resource-poor country with shaky economic fundaments would make major investments in order to become an energy exporter, and subsidies provided by Hungarian taxpayers would be redistributed among foreign consumers. Around 55-65% of the country’s electricity production would be based on Russian technology, operating at a single location (Paks). This is a project with an obscure past and a murky future.”
Wikipedia Section: Viktor Orbán – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia – “At the age of 14 and 15, he was a secretary of the communist youth organisation (KISZ) of his secondary grammar school.[8][9] In 1988, Orbán was one of the founding members of Fidesz (an acronym for Fiatal Demokraták Szövetsége, English: Alliance of Young Democrats). The first members were mostly students who opposed the Communist regime.”;
BackChannels Section: Paranoid Delusional Narcissistic Reflection of Motivation | BackChannels – I’ve include this reference to concept predicting that Putin will accuse Ukrainian nationalists of fomenting conflict over Crimea while enjoying the services of Russian nationalist militia in Crimea to help him wrest it from Ukraine. Moreover, the manner in which Putin has presented to Russians (via RT and other state media) the Syrian Civil War may not be so easily repeated in eastern Europe. Word on Crimea gets around in English, Ukrainian, and Russian, and Russians in Crimea and Russia may demand and expect a complete, accurate, and clear explanation for a separatism devolving back to Putin’s own penchant for inexhaustible self-aggrandizement, rather well illustrated by that $52 billion price tag for Sochi (while in the same period Russia pledged $10 million to ease the suffering of Syria’s displaced population).
But on Wednesday, a government spokesperson said the ceremony had been postponed to May 31, according to the French news agency AFP. The monument also will be “dedicated to the memory of the victims of German occupation,” a statement by the Hungarian abinet said.
Hungary’s Federation of Hungarian Jewish Communities, or Mazsihisz, said earlier this month that it would boycott the ceremony.
Imagine the White House chief of staff stating the following at a press conference after a significant meeting about a highly controversial issue with the leading representatives of American Jewry: “the President will address all of our fellow Americans as well as our Jewish citizens next week.” It does not take a lot of imagination to envision the firestorm of criticism that would follow such a division of the American people into real Americans vs. Jewish citizens of America.
Yet, this is precisely what János Lázár, the Minister of State for the Prime Minister’s Office, said after the unsuccessful round-table meeting with leading Hungarian Jewish organizations. Of course, he was not talking about fellow Americans but rather “fellow Hungarian countrymen” and “our Jewish citizens.” Perhaps at other times, this statement would have drawn more fire from liberal Hungarians and Hungarian Jews alike. At this time, though, Hungarian Jews are, in a…
President Janos Ader and Prime Minister Viktor Orban in separate messages felicitated the anniversary of victory of the Islamic Revolution to President Hassan Rouhani and First Vice-President Eshaq Jahangiri.
In his message, President Ader underlined the efforts of both countries in expansion of bilateral cooperation in all fields, which secure interests of the two countries.
There have been additional references to Hungary in relation to other subjects, e.g., European reparations to the Jewish community, but it’s the drift into nationalism that catches play here and with it movement within the European aligned NATO state to cement relationships with the Islamic Revolution in Iran.
As as happened over the course of Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan’s tenure, drift toward fascism may draw a strong liberal response from the middle and thereby stall a conservative state movement.
Similar dynamics have also surfaced in Kiev — Ukraine protests take center-stage at EU foreign ministers meeting in Brussels | News | DW.DE | 10.02.2014 – which population has found itself in The Bear Trap, i.e., aesthetically, politically, and spiritually aligned with European modernity and its social values but beholden to a state in which the “vertical of power” — the Autocrat — determines the character, position, and values of the state and states it makes its buffer.
Hungarians may express themselves, take to the streets, and throw fits, but Papa Putin with the checkbook and gas tap has sufficient clout for leaving the Ukrainian government to shrug off its liberal critics.
That particular Bear has also aligned itself with Iranian interests — the better to drum up defense and nuclear sales business — and to the extent that it also holds Hungarians in its paws by way of energy supply and sales, it may stalls Hungary’s westward inclinations and, possibly, encourage those who feel comfortable with thuggish mafia-style Putinesque Russian politics.
The effects of the axis — Putin-Assad-Khamenei — made visible by the collapse of Syria, a lingering post-Soviet artifact may be just emergent in the discussion eastern European politics.
If I had budget plus swift graphic arts I would do this with clusters, but a linear verbal illustration might suffice:
Where tanks may once have been dispatched, cash and energy may suffice — and money gets around without conscience.
Additional Reference
Hungary
Viktor Orbán in Moscow: “Putin’s new little kitten”? | Hungarian Spectrum – 2/1/2014: “Moreover, one must keep in mind that for Hungary Russia is a much more important partner than vice versa. In trade relations the Hungarian share of Russian imports is only 2%. On the other hand, Hungary because of its dependence on natural gas and oil is heavily dependent on Russian goodwill.”
Putin $14 Billion Nuclear Deal Wins Orban Alliance – Bloomberg – 1/15/2014: “The deal shows Putin’s ability to use Russia’s control over energy resources to extend his sway beyond the former Soviet Union. Last month, he pledged a $15 billion bailout and a cut in the price of natural gas to Ukraine and promised to lend as much as $2 billion to Belarus.”
From the above cited BBC news link: “Washington’s European envoy Victoria Nuland was heard using an expletive to disparage the EU’s handling of the crisis and revealing Washington’s determination to influence the outcome of the Ukrainian struggle.”
Obama cancels meeting with Putin amid Russia tensions – NBC News.com: “Given our lack of progress on issues such as missile defense and arms control, trade and commercial relations, global security issues, and human rights and civil society in the last twelve months, we have informed the Russian Government that we believe it would be more constructive to postpone the summit until we have more results from our shared agenda,” the White House said.
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The collapse of the Soviet Union left Soviet business and political relationships as well as Soviet style in place: at least as much would seem embodied in the post-KGB, now FSB person of Russian President Putin who has accepted the defeat of Russian communism — or the armored covering of it — but not of Russian empire and the idea of a Russian way of doing things, even if regress to a 19th Century stance with class empowerment through patronage and equal footing with despots similarly endowed becomes the price paid by Russia’s constituency for the privilege of being different, quintessentially Russian, and now as in the Romanov-then, also cut out of the money but restored in pride.
SOCHI, Russia — A Russia in search of global vindication kicked off the Sochi Olympics looking more like a Russia that likes to party, with a pulse-raising opening ceremony about fun and sports instead of terrorism, gay rights and coddling despots.
And that’s just the way Russian President Vladimir Putin wants these Winter Games to be.
Mazsihisz wants the government to abandon the memorial to Germany’s 1944 invasion of Hungary. The leaders of the organization also want to stop the erection of a new center devoted to the memory of child victims of the Holocaust.
Would the descendants, if still cohered as an ethnic group, continue to press their claim?
The role that time plays in the experience of injustice and the want of remediation or revenge poses a puzzle: when is it too late to reasonably do something about the experience of evil in a near or far away yesterday.
* * *
The Arab states of the middle east have hung on to the notion of “Arab Lands” and post-WWII Zionism, itself a part of their narrative libel, for a stretch going on 70 years. Their abuse, callousness, and carelessness extended to keeping for generations the descendants of refugees of their failed wars of annihilation against Israel and the Jews has been well illustrated by twists and reversals in the laws of hosting states and, most recently, by the neglect of the agony experienced by the refugees settled in Syria’s Yarmouk Camp.
Is 70 years too soon for grumbling about it but getting along with complete acceptance of the Jewish state — or is it too late?
* * *
So it goes with the truth about Hungary’s role in the Holocaust — the genocide of the Jews during World War II — and how close in time, or far, the matter remains for redress.
Hungary’s main Jewish umbrella organization voted on Sunday to boycott official Holocaust commemorations this year unless the role of locals in the Nazi deportation and killing of Hungarian Jews is made clear. The Federation of Hungarian Jewish Communities (Mazsihisz) decided to stay away from events marking the 70th anniversary of the deportation of 437,000 Jews from Hungary to the Nazi death camps.
Jobbik’s rise and Orban’s government have added their nationalist heat to the counter-cause of contemporary inclusion and tolerance. It’s easy to hear in the head the call to vigilance, “Never again!” when the smoke of the Nazi yesterday starts appearing in familiar black wisps around the neighborhood.
Still, what is wanted?
A coming out in shame?
And would that be for conspiring in the murder of the Jews as a class, the Roma too, and others?
Or for losing that terrible wrong-headed fight?
Or engaging with it in the first place?
What is wanted — the names of octogenarians who facilitated the crime (and God alone knows what was going through their minds when they did it)? General reparations? To whom? For how long?
When does it end?
When does any war end?
To this day, the “War Between the States” remains an uncomfortable subject in many homes of the American South.
We are almost 160 years beyond that blood mired wound in American history. Atlanta has boomed in a good way; the south has made itself into a business center and traveler’s paradise; and the slaves of its antebellum years have integrated in every way imaginable with the American Dream except where choice otherwise has swayed the heart, and yet for those in whom that heart has been swayed, reparations may still be demanded — and on the honky side, deep grievance about Big Government and “states rights” remain.
If a person: how long do you hold a grudge?
If a culture: how many generations?
Given what my people think about Pharaoh and Haman, should be peace now be impossible between Israelis, Egyptians, and Persians?
* * *
The organization again called on Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and his government to cancel the unveiling of a statue on Szabadsag tér commemorating the Nazi “occupation” of Hungary, maintaining its position that such a moment absolves Hungarians of complicity in the exportation of Jews to concentration camps.
The machine-translated English leaves much to be desired on this piece — http://www.mazsihisz.hu/2012/02/08/neonaci-bujocska-%E2%80%93-nagyon-keszulnek-a–becsulet-napjara–4863.html — but one may glean from it how the presence of a resurgent nationalism in Hungary has infected the assessment of memorial plans associated with WWII and the Holocaust.
* * *
On November 3rd, much to the shock of many Hungarians, the far-right Jobbik party unveiled a statue of Miklos Horthy, the Hungarian Governor who ruled after the first World War and allied Hungary with Nazi Germany during the second World War. Despite the efforts of numerous individuals who have fought tirelessly to stamp out radicalism and racism, evil is still out there.
It would seem Hungarians have some difficult navigation ahead as regards their national self-concept and identity.
However, the Jews, not alone, have these still troubled and dangerous waters to navigate as well.
No one should want a drifted return to investment in the myths of nationalist socialism, blood and honor, superiority in blood. Those things exist in the poetry attending and healing “narcissistic mortification” but also at times compelling “malignant narcissism”. The response in the head is to the damage of self-concept and image, which may need enough to stand but, perhaps, not so much as to loom as a dark shadow across the landscape, a phantom energized by old wounds.
“Hungarian state institutions at the time [shared responsibility] for the Holocaust. This apology today by the Hungarian state must become part of national memory and identity,” he added.
He added: cowardly attempt to keep the attention of diverting the Horthy regime of Judaism destruction played a role, and confuse the Holocaust of Hungarian people with the “suffering” caused by the German occupation, while the latter historical facts prove that instead of resistance rather general received applause – wrote in the letter. wrote I understand that “due to various political and economic reasons, the Holocaust Memorial Center operating managers do not want or can not speak out against this impudent forger course of history.”
Serious efforts are being made by Fidesz-Jobbik supporters to recreate the old Soviet/Russian friendship from which twenty-three years ago Hungarians were happy to escape.
Hungarian Ambassador Casba Körösi would seem to understand that the Jobbik Party, its affections, whatever the basis, for Iran, Russia, and Putin’s own nationalist “vertical of power”, and its disaffection with Jews and the open democracies of the west have put Hungary on a collision course with a 1933 all its own.
* * *
In admitting Hungary’s guilt he said institutions in the the Hungarian state of the 1940s were responsible for the Holocaust as they had been complicit in accepting incidents led to the genocide of Hungarian Jews.
Miklos Horthy, Hungary’s controversial leader during World War II, oversaw the deportation of some 18,000 Jews to the German-occupied Soviet Union in 1941 — more than 10,000 of whom were murdered — and is seen by many as complicit in the mass deportations to Nazi death camps in 1944 which resulted in the deaths of around 450,000 Hungarian Jews.
“We know we are responsible for the Holocaust and we also know that Hungarian state institutions were responsible for the Holocaust,” Navracsics said in parliament. “Hungarians were the perpetrators and Hungarians were those who suffered. Hungarians did the shooting and Hungarians died.”
The statements may be subtle. That above by Hungary’s standing Minister of Justice recognizes what happened and yet equates the suffering as general: for sure, Hungarians did the shooting, but where the Holocaust and ethnic cleansing are concerned, it was Hungarian Jews who were made to die, and while not alone in that for ethnic persecution — more on that in a moment — certainly the numbers overwhelm.
* * *
Some Gypsies were sterilized as early as 1933, though no Jews yet were; beginning in the same year, camps were being established by the Nazis to contain Gypsies at Vennhausen, Dieseistrasse, Mahrzan and Dachau, although at so early a date Jewish victims were not being sent en masse to any camps. It is a matter of singular disgrace that in 1936 the anti-Gypsy campaign became globalized, through the establishment of the international Centre for the Fight against the Gypsy Menace by Interpol in Vienna. Again, this did not happen for the Jews. In effect, the Nazi Party sought, and was given, the cooperation of other Euopean governments in its campaign to locate and identify Gypsies throughout Europe for its later plans for extermination.
“Jew Hate” is never confined to the Jews, but perhaps ever since Abraham’s failure to speak for Isaac when asked to make a sacrifice of him, Jews have been “speaking truth to power” for thousands of years and are a vocal people, so it is good today to learn of power in the person of an Hungarian ambassador speaking truth to the Jobbik Party and Prime Minister Viktor Mihály Orbán’s government.
Hungarians know what Hungarians have done. Clear acknowledgment might cleanse a national conscience, that as opposed to covering it up, glossing it over, in successive acts of patronizing cant and shameful cowardice.
Addendum
Dear György és Szabolcs:
I am writing to request that you remove my name from the Téka és Információs Központ at the Holocaust at the Holokauszt Emlékközpont. I reached this decision with a heavy heart, having followed the recent developments in Hungary with great concern. The history-cleansing campaign of the past few years calculated to whitewash the historical record of the Horthy era, including the changes in the constitution that “legalized” the sinister measures that were subsequently taken to absolve Hungary from the active role it had played in the destruction of close to 600,000 of its citizens of the Jewish faith, have left me, and I assume many others, stunned.
According to Hungarian newspapers, the xenophobic, anti-Semitic party Jobbik (“The Righter”), which has three seats in the European Parliament, has launched a campaign to expunge from textbooks the accepted theory according to which Hungarians are a Finno-Ugric people, and replace it with one according to which they are related to the Huns, Avars and Scythians, Indo-Iranian nomads that inhabited large parts of the Eurasian steppe in the first half of the first millennium C.E.
Magyar Post and Iran Post have released a joint stamp.Iranian-Hungarian stamp The Hungarian issue uses the same designs as the Iranian stamps and is due to be released on December 31, 2010. On the 80 ft Hungarian stamp there are Termeh motifs from Yazd and on the 240 ft stamp Jazygian (jász) embroidery motifs are shown. The background printing of both stamps has the colors of the national flag of the respective country, and the inscriptions are in both Hungarian and Persian.
Instead of courting American investment, Jobbik’s Zoltan Balczo, the deputy speaker of parliament, recently led a protest in front of the U.S. Embassy to express solidarity with Iran. He accused Israel of manipulating the U.S. government, saying “the tail should not wag the dog.”
This sentiment was more explicitly expressed in an interview by Marton Gyongyosi, Jobbik’s foreign policy chief and co-chair of the Hungarian parliament’s Foreign Affairs Committee: “It is not that hard to see the control of the Zionist lobby over U.S. lawmakers and the American President.”
The spokesman for Jobbik questioned if more than 400,000 Hungarian Jews were really murdered or deported during the Holocaust, and said that it has become a political business to elevate the numbers. He also told a British newspaper that Israeli treatment of the Palestinians is a “Nazi system” and compared Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman to Joseph Goebbels. “The Jews don’t have the right to talk about what happened in the Second World War,” he said.
Hungary always had a far right movement. During the war it was the ARROW CROSS Party, which was funded by Hitler around the same time he started funding the Mufti of Jerusalem. About 1931-33. By 1944 they were in control of the country, as the pro German dictator, Admiral Horthy was no longer trusted by the Nazis, so the Nazis invaded the country in 1944.
430,000 Jews were sent off between 43 and early 45 to the camps. Mostly Auschwitz, but also to the Russian front as human shields. Today about 200,000 remain.
The appearance of anti-Semitic movements in any state should set off alarms, but not necessary for Jews only. The surfacing of bigots and their rants bodes ill for the defense of values more helpful to the body politic.
Hungarians who are not a part of Jobbick know this.
Reza Shah Pahlavi became obessed and seduced by Htilers’ concept of racial purity. He began researching the fact that both Germans and Persians are Persians are from same the Aryan (Indo-european) race.
Because he became seduced by Hitler’s ideology of racial purity, Reza Shah Pahlavi draws attention to the fact that both Germans and Persians are from the Aryan (Indo-european) race. He renames Persia and calls it Iran (in reference to the Aryan race).
“The Persian people and their leaders are considered pariahs in the eyes of the West, which serves Israeli interests,” said Marton Gyongyosi, Jobbik’s foreign policy chief, at a pro-Iran demonstration organized by the party in December at the US Embassy in Budapest. “This is why we have solidarity with the peaceful nation of Iran and turn to her with an open heart.”
Press TV, Iran’s government-run English-language satellite news network, has taken its usual viciously anti-Semitic conspiracy theories a step further. It now claims not only that Jews are to blame for the Holocaust, but also that because Jews did not learn from their supposed wrongs in Nazi Germany that “American Zionists” are “incubating another Hitler.”
The November 9 article, “American Zionists incubating another Hitler,” was written by a Press TV columnist named M.I. Bhat, who also writes for the conspiratorial anti-Semitic website Veterans Today. The Press TV piece was additionally published two days earlier in Veterans Today under the title “Are American Jews incubating another Hitler?”
Considering the ravages of World War II and, ultimately, its effects on the German People themselves, it’s a wonder that within the constituency of any European power the same bogus political philosophy should take hold, albeit with less reference, if any, to Hitler or “Hitlerism”.
However, it appears that Hungary’s Jobbik Party has been helped along by those who have to some extent mastered a system of patronage:
He disturbingly concludes his article by implying another Holocaust is coming, this time to American Jews. Bhat writes, “how neatly this description [of how Jewish control and manipulation resulted in all of Germany’s ills] depicts the current state of affairs of the United States! …Zionists don’t seem to draw any lessons from their past actions and experiences.” Bhat asks, “If description above [sic] of the post-WWI Germany is what led the Germans to rally behind Hitler, should it then surprise Zionists or the world at large if America pops up its own Hitler?”
Iran’s Hezbollah program is a global enterprise; it should surprise no one that the regime would attempt to reproduce its anti-Semitic obsessions in other states. A portion of Hungary, apparently, has succumbed; in America, Americans are not only not so dumb, I, we, and they are both practical and vigilant, heightening the penalties for hate crimes, watching the news carefully, and tracking the numbers — in the U.S., more of crime than of organizations that sometimes care to brag impacts and numbers they just don’t have and can’t get.
To assist the practical slaughter of Jews and Christians, al-Husseini built an army of Muslim volunteer units for the Waffen-SS (the combat units of the dread SS) to operate for the Nazi cause in the Balkans. While the appeal for volunteers from among Muslims always struggled to meet the demands for new recruits, al-Husseini was able to organize three divisions of Bosnian Muslims who were then trained as elements of the Waffen-SS.